The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein has been a target of interest in cancer therapy because it plays a large role in inducing cell apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Although TRAIL has been reported to successfully target certain tumor cells which are resistant to traditional chemotherapy or radiation, TRAIL resistance has also been widely observed. Similarly, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 ligands such as poly I:C have also been reported to promote apoptosis in certain cancer cells, though the apoptotic signaling in most