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The technology described is a sophisticated and high-throughput luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay designed to detect antibodies specific to Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE). By transfecting cells with VZV protein-Renilla luciferase fusion protein constructs and subsequently performing immunoprecipitations with protein A/G beads, this innovative assay enables the quantitative measurement of VZV gE antibody levels in blood serum samples.

This technology represents a significant advancement in the field of rabies prevention, focusing on the development of highly potent rabies-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use in postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). With two mAbs, F2 and G5a, displaying exceptional neutralizing titers of 1154 and 3462 International Units (IUs) per milligram, respectively, these antibodies have the potential to offer enhanced protection against rabies when administered alongside rabies vaccines.

The technology focuses on the development of a tetravalent bispecific antibody effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium responsible for anthrax. This antibody combines the specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): one targeting anthrax protective antigen (PA) and the other targeting the bacterial capsule. The anti-PA mAb shows potent toxin-neutralizing activity, while the anti-capsule mAb efficiently kills anthrax bacteria.

The HEK293T/T7 cell line is a novel development in virology research, particularly for studying human noroviruses. This cell line expresses the T7 RNA polymerase, a key enzyme used in reverse genetics systems. Unlike existing technologies, the HEK293T/T7 cell line offers the unique advantage of being able to produce functional T7 RNA polymerase, which is essential for driving transcription from T7 promoters.

BSR T7/5 cells represent a foundational advancement in virology, offering a robust platform for the recovery of RNA viruses via reverse genetics. Established over 20 years ago, these cells have proven instrumental in the recovery of a wide array of RNA viruses, particularly those belonging to the mononegavirales order.

This technology encompasses the development of highly advanced malaria vaccine candidates and human monoclonal antibodies, both centered on targeting the Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite. The innovation lies in utilizing a novel computational design and in vitro screening process, which has created MSP1 vaccine candidates that are significantly more immunogenic, stable, and cost-effective than existing alternatives. These vaccines focus on the 19 kDa carboxy-terminus fragment of MSP1.

There is no known cure for Alzheimer’s disease, a brain disorder that severely affects memory, thinking, learning, and organizing skills. It eventually decreases a person’s ability to carry out simple, daily activities. It is predicted that over 14 million Americans will develop Alzheimer’s without effective treatment options. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage prior to Alzheimer’s when memory problems become noticeable. A patient’s ability to function and live independently remain intact as the brain compensates for disease-related changes.

Biological homeostasis is a state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by a living organism observed at the cellular level.  Biological homeostasis can vary in order to alter the cellular physical and chemical conditions.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) LOH (LOH) is a known resistance mechanism by which cancers evade T cell receptor-(TCR-)based immunotherapies. This class of therapies includes immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI, e.g., Pembrolizumab), engineered TCR (T cell receptor)-T cell adoptive transfer, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), T-cell engagers, and other modalities. Dozens of therapies in this category were developed with many in clinical trials. The resistance mechanism noted here, HLA LOH, causes these therapies to fail.

Cell culture investigations using spheroids and organoid models have had a major impact on biomedical advancement as alternative sources for costly, in vivo animal testing.  However, these 3-D cell constructs are limited in that they do not integrate extracellular components within the structure important for more reliable and accurate biological responses.  Extracellular matrix (ECM) from decellularized tissues provide a physical scaffolding and offers crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues for cellular constituents.