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In various x-ray imaging methods, including scattering correction and phase contrast imaging, intensity modulation in space is introduced into the projection images by the use of masks, gratings, or apertures. The present invention relates to a process to demodulate the modulation. The current demodulation processes are either to remove the modulation pattern through digital processing or to move the modulation pattern on the detector in a series of images that requires mechanical movements of a component and tends to lose some information of the imaged object.

The present invention relates to improving x-ray phase contrast imaging. The invention discloses a novel grating interferometer for phase contrast imaging with hard x-rays that overcomes limitations in the level of sensitivity by utilizing the advantages of far-field interferometers. The novel design and fabrication process can easily acquire absolute and differential phase images of lightly absorbing samples.

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are used for a variety of imaging application. The present invention discloses an improving MRI device and method by amplifying signals received by resonant NMR coils of MRI systems. It utilizes positive feedback from low-noise Field-Effect Transistor to amplify the signal current that can be coupled out to receiving loops positioned externally without loss in sensitivity. Therefore, the NMR coil can be flexibly positioned near internal tissues and used to develop high-resolution images in highly invasive situations.

This invention concerns "knockout" animals, including mice, which have a deficit of functional steroid hormone receptors, DNA constructs containing the mutations, and methods for producing the animals. The mutation is introduced into the animal or its ancestors at an embryonic stage. These knockout animals provide a model system for studying the biological role of hormones, including steroid hormones and sex steroids, in growth, development, morphological differentiation, and sexual and reproductive behavior and cycles, etc.

This technology is a highly sensitive tethered-bead immune sandwich assay. Analyte molecules are captured between two antibodies, a capture antibody and a detection antibody. The capture antibody on a micron-size bead binds analyte from a sample fluid. The bead-captured analyte is then exposed to a “detection” antibody that binds to the bead-captured analyte, forming a “sandwich”. The sandwiched analyte-bead complex then connects to a flexible polymer (such as DNA) anchored on a solid surface to form tethered particles.

Upon intranasal vaccination, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) viruses may replicate within the nose for several days. Current clinical diagnostic tests cannot distinguish between LAIV viruses and multiple influenza viruses in recently inoculated patients that present with respiratory symptoms. This poses a problem for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with respiratory symptoms, as these symptoms may not be caused by influenza. CDC researchers have developed a real-time RT-PCR assay to detect the presence of LAIV viruses.

Biological radicals resulted from oxidative stress has been implicated in human diseases, such as cancer and aging. There is, however, a paucity of reliable methods for in vivo or ex vivo detection of either radical formation, the end-products of radical formation or susceptibility for radical formation. The chicken polyclonal anti-DMPO can be used to detect the stable nitrone end-product of protein and DNA radicals in ELISA assays, blot analyses and confocal microscopy.

Biological radicals resulted from oxidative stress has been implicated in human diseases, such as cancer and aging. There is, however, a paucity of reliable methods for in vivo or ex vivo detection of either radical formation, the end-products of radical formation or susceptibility for radical formation. The Rabbit polyclonal anti-DMPO can be used to detect the stable nitrone end-product of protein and DNA radicals in ELISA assays, blot analyses and confocal microscopy.

The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) and proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) play major roles in transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolism. In particular ERRs are required for the response to various environmental challenges that require high energy levels by the organism. As central regulators of energy homeostasis, ERRs may also implicate in the etiology of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Leucine rich repeats and calponin homology containing protein 4 (Lrch4) is a gene that encodes a protein predicted to have a C-terminal transmembrane domain, a calponin homology domain, and 5-8 leucine rich repeats (LRRs). We silenced Lrch4 in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as CD14-MD2-TLR4-HEK293 cells and found that Lrch4 knockdown attenuates responsiveness of cells to LPS and other pathogen-associated molecules. These findings suggest that Lrch4 is a regulator of the innate immune response.