Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and is also a frequent cause of bloodstream, brain and spinal cord, ear, and sinus infections. According to 2015 CDC data, an estimated 900,000 Americans get pneumococcal pneumonia each year and approximately 5-7% die from it annually. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are important for improving patient outcomes.

Pneumonia is typically diagnosed by clinical examination, chest X-rays, and culture of patient blood and secretions. X-rays cannot identify the pathogen; blood cultures take several days to grow with limited reliability; and sputum and throat culture specimens collected may not contain isolates of the organism. CDC researchers developed a Taqman-based assay that uses real-time PCR to detect three specific gene regions of S. pneumoniaewith a very low limit of detection of 10 copies, and has shown high sensitivity and specificity against a panel of 67 CDC S. pneumoniae isolates. Targeting multiple genes, this technology would perform well in a multiplex diagnostic testing application.