The emergence of bioinformatics tools, which integrate molecular biology and genomics with computer based information technology, is bringing about a revolution in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and dysfunctional biological processes. The microarray is one such tool that caused a paradigm shift in the manner in which researchers collect and analyze genetic data. Microarrays allow researchers to monitor the whole genome in a single experiment thus enabling researchers to obtain a picture of the complex and orchestrated interactions that exist among thousands of genes simultaneously. 

Since many biologists are not trained in computer programming and statistical analysis, they often have difficulty translating microarray data into meaningful biological conclusions. The technology in this nomination describes a comprehensive desktop software package invented by Dr. Richard Simon and colleagues of the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Biometric Research Branch (BRB). The software performs sophisticated and powerful calculations that allow scientists to analyze their microarray data by discovering biologically significant patterns in gene expression data. The package, known as BRB-Array Tools, is widely recognized as the most statistically sound package available for the analysis of microarray data. 

BRB-Array Tools has been transferred using mechanisms designed to facilitate broad dissemination of the software to a variety of users. After conferring with NCI’s TTC on the most effective strategy to accomplish this goal, a model for distribution was developed and implemented in less than a month in which the software could be downloaded from the BRB site at no cost to users from academic and nonprofit institutions and to commercial users for a reasonable, one-time fee. Requestors from non-profits are required to click through to accept the terms of an online Software Transfer Agreement (STA) while commercial entities are directed to NIH’s Office of Technology Transfer (OTT) where they are required to negotiate a one-time, perpetual, non-exclusive license. 

Prior to the successful implementation of the technology transfer mechanisms that allowed for web-based distribution, very few institutions at NIH adopted systems that allowed for online request of materials and online execution of the necessary technology transfer agreement. Today, a number of technology transfer offices are exploring online methods of documenting transfer of materials. 

This technology transfer effort represents a successful experiment in providing researchers with powerful tools to analyze complex information in the most efficient manner possible. BRB-Array Tools has been the subject of over 13,000 Software Transfer Agreements to government agencies, universities, and research institutions in 66 countries as well as 35 non-exclusive licenses to commercial entities. BRB-Array Tools is continuously being developed and improved by Dr. Simon and as its utility becomes more evident to individuals in the field, more technology transfer mechanisms will be put in place to accommodate the growing demand.

Awardees

NIH - National Cancer Institute 

• Dr. Richard Simon 
• Robert Wagner

NIH - Office of Technology Transfer

• Michael Shmilovich